This is storm SALLY that was active in 1961 in the W. Pacific region with maximum winds of 143 km/h.

What was the maximum intensity of the storm?

Max Wind: 143 km/h. Min Pressure: hPa.

storm SALLY (1961) - Track and intensity details

Name: storm SALLY
Start: 1961-09-21
End: 1961-10-01
Location: W. Pacific

SALLY (1961)

Storm Code: 1961265N11156 | Region: W. Pacific
Active from 21/09/1961 to 01/10/1961 (10 days)

130 km/h

As measured · 1-min avg

Peak wind · 1-min (JTWC)

Converted ≈ 113 km/h · 10-min avg

Level 11

143 km/h

As measured · 10-min avg

Peak wind · 10-min (CMA)

Converted ≈ 128 km/h · 10-min avg

Level 12

980 hPa

Min Pressure

5,189 km

Distance

Forecast Agencies

Beaufort scale: all winds converted to the 10-min avg standard (WMO). Each agency's original value is shown alongside.

Agency	Max Intensity	Trajectory	Energy	highest_classification
CMA (China)	128 Orig.: 143	980	69	5,189	18.90	23.25	Level 12 - Violent Storm
HKO (Hong Kong)	120	980	44	4,729	14.92	16.71	Level 12 - Violent Storm
WMO (International) (coordinates_only)	~	980	33	4,133	~	~	Undefined
JMA (Japan) (coordinates_only)	~	980	65	4,058	~	~	Undefined
JTWC	113 Orig.: 130	~	37	2,627	15.50	17.15	Level 11 - Severe Storm
DS824	130	~	37	2,627	15.50	17.15	Level 12 - Violent Storm
TD9635	130	982	37	2,627	15.40	17.02	Level 12 - Violent Storm
TD9636	126	~	33	2,365	15.40	16.90	Level 12 - Violent Storm

Agency

Max Intensity

Trajectory

Energy

highest_classification

Max Wind (km/h)

Min Pressure (hPa)

Number of points

Distance (km)

ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)

PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)

CMA (China)

128 Orig.: 143

980

5,189

18.90

23.25

Level 12 - Violent Storm

HKO (Hong Kong)

120

980

4,729

14.92

16.71

Level 12 - Violent Storm

WMO (International)
(coordinates_only)

980

4,133

Undefined

JMA (Japan)
(coordinates_only)

980

4,058

Undefined

JTWC

113 Orig.: 130

2,627

15.50

17.15

Level 11 - Severe Storm

DS824

130

2,627

15.50

17.15

Level 12 - Violent Storm

TD9635

130

982

2,627

15.40

17.02

Level 12 - Violent Storm

TD9636

126

2,365

15.40

16.90

Level 12 - Violent Storm

Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

CMA (China) RI

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	18.90	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	23.25
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+56 km/h	RI
Max Wind Loss/Step	-19 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-3 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-12 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	25.4 km/h
Tracking Time	204h (8.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	87h (3.6d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	45h (1.9d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	02:00 28/09/1961 22.1°N, 124.7°E
Latitude	11°N – 22.6°N (11.6°)
Longitude	110°E – 156°E (46°)

HKO (Hong Kong)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	14.92	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	16.71
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+46 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-19 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-12 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-19 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	26.3 km/h
Tracking Time	180h (7.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	78h (3.3d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	39h (1.6d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	14:00 27/09/1961 22°N, 128°E
Latitude	11.8°N – 22.8°N (11°)
Longitude	112.1°E – 154°E (41.9°)

WMO (International)

Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-6 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-12 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+6 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	21.5 km/h
Tracking Time	192h (8 days)
Peak Intensity & Range
Latitude	13.4°N – 22.6°N (9.2°)
Longitude	111°E – 145.7°E (34.7°)

JMA (Japan)

Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-3 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-12 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	21.1 km/h
Tracking Time	192h (8 days)
Peak Intensity & Range
Latitude	15°N – 22.8°N (7.8°)
Longitude	111.1°E – 145°E (33.9°)

JTWC

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	15.50	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	17.15
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+37 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-15 km/h
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	24.3 km/h
Tracking Time	108h (4.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	84h (3.5d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	27h (1.1d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	20:00 27/09/1961 22.1°N, 125.7°E
Latitude	18.1°N – 22.6°N (4.5°)
Longitude	110.8°E – 134.9°E (24.1°)

DS824

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	15.50	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	17.15
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+37 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-15 km/h
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	24.3 km/h
Tracking Time	108h (4.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	84h (3.5d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	27h (1.1d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	20:00 27/09/1961 22.1°N, 125.7°E
Latitude	18.1°N – 22.6°N (4.5°)
Longitude	110.8°E – 134.9°E (24.1°)

TD9635

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	15.40	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	17.02
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+37 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-15 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-9 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+1 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	24.3 km/h
Tracking Time	108h (4.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	84h (3.5d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	27h (1.1d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	02:00 28/09/1961 22.3°N, 124.1°E
Latitude	18.1°N – 22.6°N (4.5°)
Longitude	110.8°E – 134.9°E (24.1°)

TD9636

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	15.40	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	16.90
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+37 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-11 km/h
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	24.6 km/h
Tracking Time	96h (4 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	87h (3.6d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	30h (1.3d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	20:00 27/09/1961 22.1°N, 125.7°E
Latitude	18.6°N – 22.6°N (4°)
Longitude	112°E – 133.9°E (21.9°)

Advanced Indices Legend

ACE: Accumulated Cyclone Energy - measures total storm activity

PDI: Power Dissipation Index - measures potential destructiveness

RI: Rapid Intensification - when wind increases >=30 kt/24h or pressure drops >=30 hPa/24h

Countries with Direct Landfall

🇹🇼 Taiwan

WMO

22.38°, 120.90° 1961-09-28 05:20:38

HKO 120 km/h Level 12

21.99°, 120.86° 1961-09-28 05:48:56

JTWC 111 km/h ≈ 98 km/h · 10-min avg Level 10

22.59°, 120.99° 1961-09-28 05:41:33

DS824 111 km/h Level 11

22.59°, 120.99° 1961-09-28 05:41:33

TD9635 111 km/h Level 11

22.59°, 120.99° 1961-09-28 05:41:33

TD9636 120 km/h Level 12

22.40°, 120.91° 1961-09-28 05:23:06

🇨🇳 China

WMO

22.49°, 113.55° 1961-09-29 06:10:12

CMA 89 km/h ≈ 80 km/h · 10-min avg Level 9

22.60°, 114.55° 1961-09-29 02:51:45

HKO 96 km/h Level 10

22.80°, 115.55° 1961-09-28 21:56:15

JMA

22.69°, 114.93° 1961-09-29 02:40:19

JTWC 81 km/h ≈ 72 km/h · 10-min avg Level 8

22.60°, 114.55° 1961-09-29 02:27:08

DS824 81 km/h Level 9

22.60°, 114.55° 1961-09-29 02:27:08

TD9635 81 km/h Level 9

22.60°, 114.55° 1961-09-29 02:27:08

TD9636 85 km/h Level 9

22.60°, 114.55° 1961-09-29 02:27:08

Values are interpolated at landfall time and may differ from actual data.

Index	Meaning	Formula / Condition	Classification
ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy	Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).	`ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;` Unit: 10⁴ kt²	< 2: Low 2-6: Medium 6-15: High ≥ 15: Very High
PDI Power Dissipation Index	Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.	`PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;` Unit: 10⁶ kt³	Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power
RI Rapid Intensification	Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.	Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h	Has RI or Fast increase (≥20kt)
Max wind gain/step	Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.	`max(V_i+1 - V_i)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm strengthening
Max wind gain/24h	Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).	`max(V_t+24h - V_t)` RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h	≥ 30kt: RI ≥ 20kt: Fast
Max wind loss/step	Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.	`max(V_i - V_i+1)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm weakening
Max pressure drop/step	Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.	`max(P_i - P_i+1)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster strengthening
Max pressure drop/24h	Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.	`max(P_t - P_t+24h)` Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa	≥ 30hPa: RI ≥ 20hPa: Strong
Max pressure rise/step	Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).	`max(P_i+1 - P_i)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster weakening
Average moving speed	Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.	`V_avg = S_total / T_total` Unit: kt (km/h)	Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain
Monitoring duration	Total time from first report to last report of that agency.	`T = t_end - t_start` Unit: hours (days)	Different agencies may monitor for different durations
TS+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.	Average wind ≥ 34 kt	Longer storm = greater total damage
TY+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.	Average wind ≥ 64 kt	Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous
Peak Intensity	Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.	V_max = max(V_i)	Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas
Latitude / Longitude	Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.	min-max(lat), min-max(lon)	Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

Index

Meaning

Formula / Condition

Classification

ACE
Accumulated Cyclone Energy

Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).

ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;
Unit: 10⁴ kt²

< 2: Low
2-6: Medium
6-15: High
≥ 15: Very High

PDI
Power Dissipation Index

Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.

PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;
Unit: 10⁶ kt³

Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power

RI
Rapid Intensification

Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.

Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h

Has RI or
Fast increase (≥20kt)

Max wind gain/step

Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.

max(V_i+1 - V_i)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm strengthening

Max wind gain/24h

Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).

max(V_t+24h - V_t)
RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h

≥ 30kt: RI
≥ 20kt: Fast

Max wind loss/step

Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.

max(V_i - V_i+1)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm weakening

Max pressure drop/step

Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.

max(P_i - P_i+1)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster strengthening

Max pressure drop/24h

Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.

max(P_t - P_t+24h)
Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa

≥ 30hPa: RI
≥ 20hPa: Strong

Max pressure rise/step

Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).

max(P_i+1 - P_i)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster weakening

Average moving speed

Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.

V_avg = S_total / T_total
Unit: kt (km/h)

Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain

Monitoring duration

Total time from first report to last report of that agency.

T = t_end - t_start
Unit: hours (days)

Different agencies may monitor for different durations

TS+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.

Average wind ≥ 34 kt

Longer storm = greater total damage

TY+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.

Average wind ≥ 64 kt

Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous

Peak Intensity

Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.

V_max = max(V_i)

Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas

Latitude / Longitude

Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.

min-max(lat), min-max(lon)

Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

SALLY (1961)

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Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

SALLY

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SALLY (1961)

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Comparison Storms 0

Weather Agencies (8 sources)

Storm Lifecycle Timeline

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Track List (0 points)

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Quick Stats

Agency Data Comparison

Indices Legend

Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

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