This is storm MANGKHUT that was active in 2013 in the W. Pacific region with maximum winds of 100 km/h.

What was the maximum intensity of the storm?

Max Wind: 100 km/h. Min Pressure: hPa.

storm MANGKHUT (2013) - Track and intensity details

Name: storm MANGKHUT
Start: 2013-08-05
End: 2013-08-08
Location: W. Pacific

MANGKHUT (2013)

Storm Code: 2013217N11118 | Region: W. Pacific
Active from 05/08/2013 to 08/08/2013 (4 days)

83 km/h

1-min Wind (JTWC)

Level 9

100 km/h

10-min Wind (CMA)

Level 10

988 hPa

Min Pressure

2,111 km

Distance

Forecast Agencies

Agency	Max Intensity	Trajectory	Energy	highest_classification
WMO (International)	74	992	13	1,828	2.92	2.03	Level 8 - Storm
JTWC	83	989	27	2,111	5.25	3.81	Level 9 - Storm
JMA (Japan)	74	992	25	1,816	5.42	3.81	Level 8 - Storm
CMA (China)	100	988	25	1,818	6.00	5.02	Level 10 - Severe Storm
HKO (Hong Kong)	74	992	23	1,683	5.42	3.81	Level 8 - Storm

Agency

Max Intensity

Trajectory

Energy

highest_classification

Max Wind (km/h)

Min Pressure (hPa)

Number of points

Distance (km)

ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)

PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)

WMO (International)

992

1,828

2.92

2.03

Level 8 - Storm

JTWC

989

2,111

5.25

3.81

Level 9 - Storm

JMA (Japan)

992

1,816

5.42

3.81

Level 8 - Storm

CMA (China)

100

988

1,818

6.00

5.02

Level 10 - Severe Storm

HKO (Hong Kong)

992

1,683

5.42

3.81

Level 8 - Storm

Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

WMO (International)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	2.92	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	2.03
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+9 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-9 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-4 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-10 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+4 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	25.4 km/h
Tracking Time	72h (3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	36h (1.5d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	07:00 07/08/2013 18°N, 108.6°E
Latitude	10.9°N – 19.9°N (9°)
Longitude	104.2°E – 118.1°E (13.9°)

JTWC

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	5.25	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	3.81
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+19 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-9 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-3 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-7 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+4 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	27.1 km/h
Tracking Time	78h (3.3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	60h (2.5d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	13:00 07/08/2013 18.7°N, 107.3°E
Latitude	11.1°N – 21°N (9.9°)
Longitude	103.6°E – 119.1°E (15.5°)

JMA (Japan)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	5.42	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	3.81
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+9 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-6 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-6 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+2 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	25.2 km/h
Tracking Time	72h (3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	66h (2.8d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	07:00 07/08/2013 18.1°N, 108.3°E
Latitude	10.7°N – 20°N (9.3°)
Longitude	104.2°E – 117.7°E (13.5°)

CMA (China)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	6.00	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	5.02
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+30 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-9 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-8 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	25.3 km/h
Tracking Time	72h (3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	66h (2.8d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	13:00 07/08/2013 18.8°N, 107.3°E
Latitude	10.7°N – 20°N (9.3°)
Longitude	104.2°E – 117.6°E (13.4°)

HKO (Hong Kong)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	5.42	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	3.81
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+9 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-9 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-4 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+2 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	25.5 km/h
Tracking Time	66h (2.8 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	66h (2.8d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	07:00 07/08/2013 18°N, 108.7°E
Latitude	11.4°N – 20°N (8.6°)
Longitude	104.4°E – 117°E (12.6°)

Advanced Indices Legend

ACE: Accumulated Cyclone Energy - measures total storm activity

PDI: Power Dissipation Index - measures potential destructiveness

RI: Rapid Intensification - when wind increases >=30 kt/24h or pressure drops >=30 hPa/24h

Countries with Direct Landfall

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Index	Meaning	Formula / Condition	Classification
ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy	Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).	`ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;` Unit: 10⁴ kt²	< 2: Low 2-6: Medium 6-15: High ≥ 15: Very High
PDI Power Dissipation Index	Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.	`PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;` Unit: 10⁶ kt³	Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power
RI Rapid Intensification	Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.	Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h	Has RI or Fast increase (≥20kt)
Max wind gain/step	Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.	`max(V_i+1 - V_i)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm strengthening
Max wind gain/24h	Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).	`max(V_t+24h - V_t)` RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h	≥ 30kt: RI ≥ 20kt: Fast
Max wind loss/step	Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.	`max(V_i - V_i+1)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm weakening
Max pressure drop/step	Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.	`max(P_i - P_i+1)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster strengthening
Max pressure drop/24h	Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.	`max(P_t - P_t+24h)` Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa	≥ 30hPa: RI ≥ 20hPa: Strong
Max pressure rise/step	Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).	`max(P_i+1 - P_i)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster weakening
Average moving speed	Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.	`V_avg = S_total / T_total` Unit: kt (km/h)	Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain
Monitoring duration	Total time from first report to last report of that agency.	`T = t_end - t_start` Unit: hours (days)	Different agencies may monitor for different durations
TS+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.	Average wind ≥ 34 kt	Longer storm = greater total damage
TY+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.	Average wind ≥ 64 kt	Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous
Peak Intensity	Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.	V_max = max(V_i)	Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas
Latitude / Longitude	Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.	min-max(lat), min-max(lon)	Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

Index

Meaning

Formula / Condition

Classification

ACE
Accumulated Cyclone Energy

Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).

ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;
Unit: 10⁴ kt²

< 2: Low
2-6: Medium
6-15: High
≥ 15: Very High

PDI
Power Dissipation Index

Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.

PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;
Unit: 10⁶ kt³

Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power

RI
Rapid Intensification

Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.

Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h

Has RI or
Fast increase (≥20kt)

Max wind gain/step

Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.

max(V_i+1 - V_i)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm strengthening

Max wind gain/24h

Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).

max(V_t+24h - V_t)
RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h

≥ 30kt: RI
≥ 20kt: Fast

Max wind loss/step

Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.

max(V_i - V_i+1)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm weakening

Max pressure drop/step

Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.

max(P_i - P_i+1)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster strengthening

Max pressure drop/24h

Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.

max(P_t - P_t+24h)
Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa

≥ 30hPa: RI
≥ 20hPa: Strong

Max pressure rise/step

Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).

max(P_i+1 - P_i)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster weakening

Average moving speed

Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.

V_avg = S_total / T_total
Unit: kt (km/h)

Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain

Monitoring duration

Total time from first report to last report of that agency.

T = t_end - t_start
Unit: hours (days)

Different agencies may monitor for different durations

TS+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.

Average wind ≥ 34 kt

Longer storm = greater total damage

TY+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.

Average wind ≥ 64 kt

Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous

Peak Intensity

Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.

V_max = max(V_i)

Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas

Latitude / Longitude

Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.

min-max(lat), min-max(lon)

Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

MANGKHUT (2013)

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Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

MANGKHUT

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MANGKHUT (2013)

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Weather Agencies (5 sources)

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Quick Stats

Agency Data Comparison

Indices Legend

Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

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MANGKHUT

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