This is storm BULBUL:MATMO that was active in 2019 in the N. Indian region with maximum winds of 194 km/h.

What was the maximum intensity of the storm?

Max Wind: 194 km/h. Min Pressure: hPa.

storm BULBUL:MATMO (2019) - Track and intensity details

Name: storm BULBUL:MATMO
Start: 2019-10-28
End: 2019-11-11
Location: N. Indian

BULBUL:MATMO (2019)

Storm Code: 2019302N11118 | Region: N. Indian
Active from 28/10/2019 to 11/11/2019 (14 days)

194 km/h

1-min Wind (JTWC)

Level 16

139 km/h

10-min Wind (IMD)

Level 13

955 hPa

Min Pressure

4,650 km

Distance

Forecast Agencies

Agency	Max Intensity	Trajectory	Energy	highest_classification
JTWC	194	955	109	4,650	33.17	43.07	Level 16 - Super Typhoon
WMO (International)	139	976	54	4,444	21.99	24.77	Level 13 - Violent Storm
JMA (Japan)	93	992	25	1,420	4.12	3.49	Level 10 - Severe Storm
CMA (China)	89	990	25	1,466	2.74	2.29	Level 10 - Severe Storm
KMA (South Korea)	83	992	21	1,328	3.33	2.54	Level 9 - Storm
HKO (Hong Kong)	93	985	20	1,210	3.40	2.86	Level 10 - Severe Storm
IMD	139	976	49	1,659	17.87	21.28	Level 13 - Violent Storm

Agency

Max Intensity

Trajectory

Energy

highest_classification

Max Wind (km/h)

Min Pressure (hPa)

Number of points

Distance (km)

ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)

PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)

JTWC

194

955

109

4,650

33.17

43.07

Level 16 - Super Typhoon

WMO (International)

139

976

4,444

21.99

24.77

Level 13 - Violent Storm

JMA (Japan)

992

1,420

4.12

3.49

Level 10 - Severe Storm

CMA (China)

990

1,466

2.74

2.29

Level 10 - Severe Storm

KMA (South Korea)

992

1,328

3.33

2.54

Level 9 - Storm

HKO (Hong Kong)

985

1,210

3.40

2.86

Level 10 - Severe Storm

IMD

139

976

1,659

17.87

21.28

Level 13 - Violent Storm

Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

JTWC RI

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	33.17	High
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	43.07
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+15 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+56 km/h	RI
Max Wind Loss/Step	-24 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-7 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-22 hPa	Strong
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+10 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	14.4 km/h
Tracking Time	324h (13.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	162h (6.8d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	57h (2.4d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	22:00 09/11/2019 21.4°N, 88.2°E
Latitude	10.6°N – 23.1°N (12.5°)
Longitude	87.7°E – 118.2°E (30.5°)

WMO (International) RI

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	21.99	High
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	24.77
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+19 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+56 km/h	RI
Max Wind Loss/Step	-28 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-6 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-18 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+6 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	14 km/h
Tracking Time	318h (13.3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	123h (5.1d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	39h (1.6d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	19:00 08/11/2019 18.6°N, 87.8°E
Latitude	11.1°N – 23.1°N (12°)
Longitude	87.6°E – 117.2°E (29.6°)

JMA (Japan)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	4.12	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	3.49
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+28 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-15 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-3 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-10 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	19.7 km/h
Tracking Time	72h (3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	33h (1.4d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	13:00 30/10/2019 13.2°N, 110.7°E
Latitude	11.9°N – 14°N (2.1°)
Longitude	104°E – 116.6°E (12.6°)

CMA (China)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	2.74	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	2.29
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+35 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-13 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-10 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+4 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	20.4 km/h
Tracking Time	72h (3 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	33h (1.4d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	19:00 30/10/2019 13.3°N, 110.2°E
Latitude	11.6°N – 14.1°N (2.5°)
Longitude	103.8°E – 116.7°E (12.9°)

KMA (South Korea)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	3.33	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	2.54
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+6 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+30 km/h
Max Wind Loss/Step	-6 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-2 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-10 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+3 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	22.1 km/h
Tracking Time	60h (2.5 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	33h (1.4d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	13:00 30/10/2019 13.2°N, 111°E
Latitude	10.8°N – 13.5°N (2.7°)
Longitude	105.7°E – 117.4°E (11.7°)

HKO (Hong Kong)

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	3.40	Low
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	2.86
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+46 km/h	Fast
Max Wind Loss/Step	-19 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-4 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-17 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+6 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	21.2 km/h
Tracking Time	57h (2.4 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	27h (1.1d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	16:00 30/10/2019 13.1°N, 110.5°E
Latitude	11.4°N – 13.7°N (2.3°)
Longitude	105.5°E – 116°E (10.5°)

IMD RI

Energy
ACE (10⁴ (km/h)²)	17.87	Medium
PDI (10⁶ (km/h)³)	21.28
Intensification / Weakening
Max Wind Gain/Step	+9 km/h
Max Wind Gain/24h	+56 km/h	RI
Max Wind Loss/Step	-19 km/h
Pressure Variation
Max Pressure Drop/Step	-4 hPa
Max Pressure Drop/24h	-18 hPa
Max Pressure Rise/Step (weakening)	+6 hPa
Movement & Duration
Avg Movement Speed	11.5 km/h
Tracking Time	144h (6 days)
Time as TD+ (≥34kt)	87h (3.6d)
Time as Storm+ (≥64kt)	39h (1.6d)
Peak Intensity & Range
Peak Intensity	19:00 08/11/2019 18.5°N, 87.6°E
Latitude	13.1°N – 23.1°N (10°)
Longitude	87.6°E – 91.9°E (4.3°)

Advanced Indices Legend

ACE: Accumulated Cyclone Energy - measures total storm activity

PDI: Power Dissipation Index - measures potential destructiveness

RI: Rapid Intensification - when wind increases >=30 kt/24h or pressure drops >=30 hPa/24h

Countries with Direct Landfall

🇻🇳 Vietnam

WMO 93 km/h Level 10

13.43°, 109.29° 2019-10-30 15:45:42

JTWC 100 km/h Level 10

13.41°, 109.28° 2019-10-30 15:23:12

JMA 93 km/h Level 10

13.44°, 109.29° 2019-10-30 16:20:30

CMA 89 km/h Level 10

13.44°, 109.29° 2019-10-30 16:20:30

KMA 78 km/h Level 9

13.50°, 109.28° 2019-10-30 15:57:49

HKO 93 km/h Level 10

13.32°, 109.28° 2019-10-30 15:37:15

🇰🇭 Cambodia

WMO 70 km/h Level 8

13.58°, 107.57° 2019-10-30 22:37:44

JTWC 87 km/h Level 9

13.60°, 107.56° 2019-10-30 22:13:28

JMA 70 km/h Level 8

13.66°, 107.53° 2019-10-30 22:46:31

CMA 69 km/h Level 8

13.66°, 107.52° 2019-10-30 22:55:08

KMA 69 km/h Level 8

13.46°, 107.60° 2019-10-30 22:19:27

HKO 80 km/h Level 9

13.55°, 107.58° 2019-10-30 22:23:40

🇧🇩 Bangladesh

WMO 93 km/h Level 10

21.82°, 89.14° 2019-11-09 21:17:13

JTWC 146 km/h Level 13

21.83°, 89.13° 2019-11-09 21:57:28

IMD 83 km/h Level 9

22.11°, 89.52° 2019-11-10 00:17:45

🏳️ India

WMO 37 km/h Level 5

23.09°, 91.49° 2019-11-10 23:50:51

JTWC 170 km/h Level 15

21.65°, 88.70° 2019-11-09 18:45:10

IMD 107 km/h Level 11

21.66°, 88.70° 2019-11-09 18:34:58

🇹🇭 Thailand

JTWC 33 km/h Level 5

14.16°, 102.93° 2019-10-31 20:20:58

🇲🇲 Myanmar

JTWC 28 km/h Level 4

13.91°, 99.03° 2019-11-02 02:39:04

Values are interpolated at landfall time and may differ from actual data.

Index	Meaning	Formula / Condition	Classification
ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy	Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).	`ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;` Unit: 10⁴ kt²	< 2: Low 2-6: Medium 6-15: High ≥ 15: Very High
PDI Power Dissipation Index	Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.	`PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;` Unit: 10⁶ kt³	Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power
RI Rapid Intensification	Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.	Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h	Has RI or Fast increase (≥20kt)
Max wind gain/step	Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.	`max(V_i+1 - V_i)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm strengthening
Max wind gain/24h	Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).	`max(V_t+24h - V_t)` RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h	≥ 30kt: RI ≥ 20kt: Fast
Max wind loss/step	Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.	`max(V_i - V_i+1)` Unit: kt (km/h)	Positive value = storm weakening
Max pressure drop/step	Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.	`max(P_i - P_i+1)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster strengthening
Max pressure drop/24h	Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.	`max(P_t - P_t+24h)` Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa	≥ 30hPa: RI ≥ 20hPa: Strong
Max pressure rise/step	Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).	`max(P_i+1 - P_i)` Unit: hPa	Higher value = faster weakening
Average moving speed	Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.	`V_avg = S_total / T_total` Unit: kt (km/h)	Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain
Monitoring duration	Total time from first report to last report of that agency.	`T = t_end - t_start` Unit: hours (days)	Different agencies may monitor for different durations
TS+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.	Average wind ≥ 34 kt	Longer storm = greater total damage
TY+ Duration	Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.	Average wind ≥ 64 kt	Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous
Peak Intensity	Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.	V_max = max(V_i)	Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas
Latitude / Longitude	Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.	min-max(lat), min-max(lon)	Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

Index

Meaning

Formula / Condition

Classification

ACE
Accumulated Cyclone Energy

Accumulated Cyclone Energy. Measures the total energy generated by the storm during its lifetime. Only counts reports with wind ≥ 35 kt (TS level or higher).

ACE = Σ(V_max²) / 10&sup4;
Unit: 10⁴ kt²

< 2: Low
2-6: Medium
6-15: High
≥ 15: Very High

PDI
Power Dissipation Index

Power Dissipation Index. More sensitive than ACE to extremely strong storms due to using cubic power. Reflects potential destructive power.

PDI = Σ(V_max&sup³;) / 10&sup6;
Unit: 10⁶ kt³

Higher value = greater cumulative destructive power

RI
Rapid Intensification

Rapid Intensification - storm strengthens suddenly in a short time. Very dangerous as it is difficult to forecast and causes surprise for prevention efforts.

Wind increase ≥ 30 kt/24h or Pressure drop ≥ 30 hPa/24h

Has RI or
Fast increase (≥20kt)

Max wind gain/step

Maximum wind increase between 2 consecutive reports (usually 6 hours apart). Shows the fastest local intensification rate.

max(V_i+1 - V_i)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm strengthening

Max wind gain/24h

Maximum wind increase in a 24-hour window. Main criterion for determining Rapid Intensification (RI).

max(V_t+24h - V_t)
RI if ≥ 30 kt/24h

≥ 30kt: RI
≥ 20kt: Fast

Max wind loss/step

Maximum wind weakening between 2 consecutive reports. Shows at which stage the storm weakened fastest.

max(V_i - V_i+1)
Unit: kt (km/h)

Positive value = storm weakening

Max pressure drop/step

Maximum pressure drop between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure decrease = storm center strengthening. Reflects local deepening rate.

max(P_i - P_i+1)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster strengthening

Max pressure drop/24h

Maximum pressure drop in a 24-hour window. Important index for evaluating explosive deepening / explosive intensification.

max(P_t - P_t+24h)
Explosive if ≥ 30 hPa

≥ 30hPa: RI
≥ 20hPa: Strong

Max pressure rise/step

Maximum pressure rise between 2 consecutive reports. Pressure increase = storm weakening. Large value indicates rapid weakening (due to terrain interaction, landfall, etc.).

max(P_i+1 - P_i)
Unit: hPa

Higher value = faster weakening

Average moving speed

Average moving speed of the storm center during the entire monitoring period by that agency.

V_avg = S_total / T_total
Unit: kt (km/h)

Slow-moving storms (<15 km/h) usually cause prolonged heavy rain

Monitoring duration

Total time from first report to last report of that agency.

T = t_end - t_start
Unit: hours (days)

Different agencies may monitor for different durations

TS+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 34 kt (Tropical Storm level or higher). Reflects how long the storm maintained significant intensity.

Average wind ≥ 34 kt

Longer storm = greater total damage

TY+ Duration

Total hours with average wind ≥ 64 kt (Typhoon level or higher). Storms maintaining this level longer have much greater destructive power.

Average wind ≥ 64 kt

Longer time at Typhoon level = more dangerous

Peak Intensity

Time and location (lat, lon) when the storm reached maximum wind according to each agency. Helps identify where the storm was strongest.

V_max = max(V_i)

Peak location helps assess danger for nearby areas

Latitude / Longitude

Spatial range of activity by latitude and longitude. Shows whether the storm affected area is wide or narrow.

min-max(lat), min-max(lon)

Large range = long trajectory, wide impact

BULBUL:MATMO (2019)

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Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

BULBUL:MATMO

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Weather Agencies (7 sources)

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Advanced Meteorological Indices by Agency Automatically calculated from raw data

Advanced Indices Legend

Countries with Direct Landfall

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